Exodus 21

Laws About Slaves

1“Now these are the #ch. 24:3; Deut. 4:14; 6:1rules that you shall set before them. 2#Deut. 15:12; Jer. 34:14; See Lev. 25:39-41When you buy a Hebrew slave,#21:2 Or servant; the Hebrew term ‘ebed designates a range of social and economic roles; also verses 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 26, 27, 32 (see Preface) he shall serve six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing. 3If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. 4If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out alone. 5But #Deut. 15:16, 17if the slave plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ 6then his master shall bring him to #[Ps. 82:6; John 10:34, 35]God, and he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall be his slave forever.

7“When a man #Neh. 5:5sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. 8If she does not please her master, who has designated her#21:8 Or so that he has not designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has broken faith with her. 9If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter. 10If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or #1 Cor. 7:5her marital rights. 11And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.

12 # Gen. 9:6; Lev. 24:17; Num. 35:30, 31; [ Matt. 26:52 ] “Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death. 13#Deut. 19:4, 5; See Num. 35:22-25 But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then #Num. 35:11; Deut. 4:41-43; 19:2, 3; See Josh. 20:2-9I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee. 14But if a man willfully attacks another to kill him by cunning, #See 1 Kgs. 2:28-34you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.

15“Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death.

16 # Deut. 24:7; 1 Tim. 1:10 “Whoever steals a man and sells him, and anyone found #ch. 22:4in possession of him, shall be put to death.

17 # Lev. 20:9; Deut. 27:16; Cited Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10; [ Prov. 20:20; 30:11 ] “Whoever curses#21:17 Or dishonors; Septuagint reviles his father or his mother shall be put to death.

18“When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but takes to his bed, 19then if the man rises again and walks outdoors with his staff, he who struck him shall be clear; only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall have him thoroughly healed.

20“When a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged. 21But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the #[Lev. 25:45, 46]slave is his money.

22“When men strive together and hit a pregnant woman, so that her children come out, but there is no harm, the one who hit her shall surely be fined, as the woman’s husband shall impose on him, and #[Deut. 22:18, 19] he shall pay as the #[Job 31:11]judges determine. 23But if there is harm,#21:23 Or so that her children come out and it is clear who was to blame, he shall be fined as the woman’s husband shall impose on him, and he alone shall pay. 23 If it is unclear who was to blame . . . then you shall pay #Deut. 19:21life for life, 24#Lev. 24:20; Deut. 19:21; Cited Matt. 5:38eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26“When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free because of his eye. 27If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free because of his tooth.

28“When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the #Gen. 9:5ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall not be liable. 29But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death. 30If #ch. 30:12; Num. 35:31, 32 a ransom is imposed on him, then #[See ver. 22 above]he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is imposed on him. 31If it gores a man’s son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to this same rule. 32If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master #[Zech. 11:12, 13; Matt. 26:15] thirty shekels#21:32 A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams of silver, and #[See ver. 28 above]the ox shall be stoned.

Laws About Restitution

33“When a man opens a pit, or when a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34the owner of the pit shall make restoration. He shall give money to its owner, and the dead beast shall be his.

35“When one man’s ox butts another’s, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and share its price, and the dead beast also they shall share. 36Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall repay ox for ox, and the dead beast shall be his.

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Exodus 21: ESV

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