John 4
4
1#Jesus in Samaria. The self-revelation of Jesus continues with his second discourse, on his mission to “half-Jews.” It continues the theme of replacement, here with regard to cult (Jn 4:21). Water (Jn 4:7–15) serves as a symbol (as at Cana and in the Nicodemus episode). Now when Jesus learned that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John 2(although Jesus himself was not baptizing, just his disciples),#An editorial refinement of Jn 3:22, perhaps directed against followers of John the Baptist who claimed that Jesus imitated him. 3he left Judea and returned to Galilee.
The Samaritan Woman. 4He had to#He had to: a theological necessity; geographically, Jews often bypassed Samaria by taking a route across the Jordan. pass through Samaria. 5So he came to a town of Samaria called Sychar,#Sychar: Jerome identifies this with Shechem, a reading found in Syriac manuscripts. near the plot of land that Jacob had given to his son Joseph.#Gn 33:18–19; 48:22; Jos 24:32. 6Jacob’s well was there. Jesus, tired from his journey, sat down there at the well. It was about noon.
7A woman of Samaria came to draw water. Jesus said to her, “Give me a drink.” 8His disciples had gone into the town to buy food. 9#Samaritan women were regarded by Jews as ritually impure, and therefore Jews were forbidden to drink from any vessel they had handled. The Samaritan woman said to him, “How can you, a Jew, ask me, a Samaritan woman, for a drink?”#Sir 50:25–26; Mt 10:5. (For Jews use nothing in common with Samaritans.) 10#Living water: the water of life, i.e., the revelation that Jesus brings; the woman thinks of “flowing water,” so much more desirable than stagnant well water. On John’s device of such misunderstanding, cf. note on Jn 3:3. Jesus answered and said to her,#Sir 24:20–21; Is 55:1; Jer 2:13. “If you knew the gift of God and who is saying to you, ‘Give me a drink,’ you would have asked him and he would have given you living water.” 11[The woman] said to him, “Sir,#Sir: the Greek kyrios means “master” or “lord,” as a respectful mode of address for a human being or a deity; cf. Jn 4:19. It is also the word used in the Septuagint for the Hebrew ’adônai, substituted for the tetragrammaton YHWH. you do not even have a bucket and the well is deep; where then can you get this living water? 12Are you greater than our father Jacob, who gave us this well and drank from it himself with his children and his flocks?”#8:53; Mt 12:41. 13Jesus answered and said to her, “Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again; 14but whoever drinks the water I shall give will never thirst; the water I shall give will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life.”#6:35, 58; 7:37–39; Is 44:3; 49:10; Jl 4:18; Rev 7:16; 21:6. 15The woman said to him, “Sir, give me this water, so that I may not be thirsty or have to keep coming here to draw water.”
16Jesus said to her, “Go call your husband and come back.” 17The woman answered and said to him, “I do not have a husband.” Jesus answered her, “You are right in saying, ‘I do not have a husband.’ 18For you have had five husbands, and the one you have now is not your husband. What you have said is true.”#2 Kgs 17:24–34. 19The woman said to him, “Sir, I can see that you are a prophet.#9:17; Hos 1:3. 20Our ancestors worshiped on this mountain;#This mountain: Gerizim, on which a temple was erected in the fourth century B.C. by Samaritans to rival Mount Zion in Jerusalem; cf. Dt 27:4 (Mount Ebal = the Jews’ term for Gerizim). but you people say that the place to worship is in Jerusalem.”#Dt 11:29; 27:4; Jos 8:33; Ps 122:1–5. 21Jesus said to her, “Believe me, woman, the hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. 22You people worship what you do not understand; we worship what we understand, because salvation is from the Jews.#2 Kgs 17:27; Ps 76:2–3. 23But the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will worship the Father in Spirit and truth;#In Spirit and truth: not a reference to an interior worship within one’s own spirit. The Spirit is the spirit given by God that reveals truth and enables one to worship God appropriately (Jn 14:16–17). Cf. “born of water and Spirit” (Jn 3:5). and indeed the Father seeks such people to worship him. 24God is Spirit, and those who worship him must worship in Spirit and truth.”#2 Cor 3:17. 25#The expectations of the Samaritans are expressed here in Jewish terminology. They did not expect a messianic king of the house of David but a prophet like Moses (Dt 18:15). The woman said to him, “I know that the Messiah is coming,#1:41. the one called the Anointed; when he comes, he will tell us everything.” 26Jesus said to her, “I am he,#I am he: it could also be translated “I am,” an Old Testament self-designation of Yahweh (Is 43:3, etc.); cf. Jn 6:20; 8:24, 28, 58; 13:19; 18:5–6, 8. See note on Mk 6:50. the one who is speaking with you.”#9:37.
27At that moment his disciples returned, and were amazed that he was talking with a woman,#Talking with a woman: a religious and social restriction that Jesus is pictured treating as unimportant. but still no one said, “What are you looking for?” or “Why are you talking with her?” 28The woman left her water jar and went into the town and said to the people, 29“Come see a man who told me everything I have done. Could he possibly be the Messiah?” 30They went out of the town and came to him. 31Meanwhile, the disciples urged him, “Rabbi, eat.” 32But he said to them, “I have food to eat of which you do not know.” 33So the disciples said to one another, “Could someone have brought him something to eat?” 34Jesus said to them, “My food is to do the will of the one who sent me and to finish his work.#5:30, 36; 6:38; 9:4; 17:4. 35Do you not say, ‘In four months#‘In four months… ’: probably a proverb; cf. Mt 9:37–38. the harvest will be here’? I tell you, look up and see the fields ripe for the harvest.#Mt 9:37–38; Lk 10:2; Rev 14:15. 36The reaper is already#Already: this word may go with the preceding verse rather than with Jn 4:36. receiving his payment and gathering crops for eternal life, so that the sower and reaper can rejoice together.#Ps 126:5–6; Am 9:13–14. 37For here the saying is verified that ‘One sows and another reaps.’#Dt 20:6; 28:30; Jb 31:8; Mi 6:15. 38I sent you to reap what you have not worked for; others have done the work, and you are sharing the fruits of their work.”
39Many of the Samaritans of that town began to believe in him because of the word of the woman#The woman is presented as a missionary, described in virtually the same words as the disciples are in Jesus’ prayer (Jn 17:20). who testified, “He told me everything I have done.” 40When the Samaritans came to him, they invited him to stay with them; and he stayed there two days. 41Many more began to believe in him because of his word, 42and they said to the woman, “We no longer believe because of your word; for we have heard for ourselves, and we know that this is truly the savior of the world.”#1 Jn 4:14.
Return to Galilee. 43#Jesus’ arrival in Cana in Galilee; the second sign. This section introduces another theme, that of the life-giving word of Jesus. It is explicitly linked to the first sign (Jn 2:11). The royal official believes (Jn 4:50). The natural life given his son is a sign of eternal life. After the two days, he left there for Galilee. 44#Probably a reminiscence of a tradition as in Mk 6:4. Cf. Gospel of Thomas 31: “No prophet is acceptable in his village, no physician heals those who know him.” #Mt 13:57; Mk 6:4; Lk 4:24. For Jesus himself testified that a prophet has no honor in his native place. 45When he came into Galilee, the Galileans welcomed him, since they had seen all he had done in Jerusalem at the feast; for they themselves had gone to the feast.
Second Sign at Cana.#The story of the cure of the royal official’s son may be a third version of the cure of the centurion’s son (Mt 8:5–13) or servant (Lk 7:1–10). Cf. also Mt 15:21–28; Mk 7:24–30. 46#2:1–11; Mt 8:5–13; 15:21–28; Mk 7:24–30; Lk 7:1–10. Then he returned to Cana in Galilee, where he had made the water wine. Now there was a royal official whose son was ill in Capernaum. 47When he heard that Jesus had arrived in Galilee from Judea, he went to him and asked him to come down and heal his son, who was near death. 48Jesus said to him, “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will not believe.”#2:18, 23; Wis 8:8; Mt 12:38; 1 Cor 1:22. 49The royal official said to him, “Sir, come down before my child dies.” 50Jesus said to him, “You may go; your son will live.” The man believed what Jesus said to him and left.#1 Kgs 17:23. 51While he was on his way back, his slaves met him and told him that his boy would live. 52He asked them when he began to recover. They told him, “The fever left him yesterday, about one in the afternoon.” 53The father realized that just at that time Jesus had said to him, “Your son will live,” and he and his whole household came to believe. 54[Now] this was the second sign Jesus did when he came to Galilee from Judea.#2:11.
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