Hosea 13
13
Summary of Yahweh’s Case against Israel
1When Ephraim used to speak,
his words commanded great respect.
He once had great authority in Israel, # 13:1 Early in Israel’s history in the land, the people of Ephraim were powerful. See
Josh. 24:29–30
;
Judg. 8:1–3
;
12:1–6
.
but he became guilty of Baal worship
and signed his own death warrant.
2And now they sin more and more
by making silver idols for themselves,
cleverly crafted idols of their own invention—
each skillfully made by human hands.
“Sacrifice to them,” they say.
Why would men kiss idols of calves? # 13:2 Or “Those who offer human sacrifice kiss [images of] calves.”
3Therefore, the entire tribe of Ephraim will vanish
like the morning mist,
like the dew that quickly disappears,
like the chaff blown by the wind from the threshing floor,
like smoke rising from a chimney.
Yahweh Is Still the God of Israel
4“I, Yahweh, have been your true God
ever since your days in Egypt. # 13:4 The Septuagint adds a sentence before this verse: “I am the Lord your God who set the heavens firm and keeps the earth steady; my hands have created the whole array of heaven, but I have not shown these to you for you to follow them. It was I who brought you up out of Egypt.”
You must know no other god but me.
There is no other god who can save you.
5I tenderly cared for you # 13:5 The Syriac and the Septuagint read “I shepherded [fed] you.” God was reminding his people that he had always provided for them, even in a difficult season of their lives. in the desert,
in the land of dreadful drought. # 13:5 Or “burning heat.”
6When I pastured you, you were full,
but when you were satisfied, your hearts grew proud,
and you completely forgot about me.
7So now I will be # 13:7 There is a possible play on words, for “I will be” in the Hebrew is very close to the name for Yahweh , “I AM that I AM” or “I AM who I will be.” like a male lion to you,
like a leopard lurking beside the path.
8I will attack you like a charging bear robbed of her cubs,
and will rip open your chest. # 13:8 The irony is stinging. They would not open their hearts (chest) to the things of God, so now, God would rip their hearts open in judgment.
Like a lioness, I will devour you on the spot;
like a wild beast # 13:8 Some Jewish scholars view the “wild beast” as the Assyrians. I will tear you to shreds!
9Israel, you have destroyed yourself,
because you are against me, your only help.” # 13:9 Literally “He/It has destroyed you, Israel, because with/in me [is] with/in your help.” The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.
Israel’s Ruin
10“Where is your king now,
who could save you in all your cities?
Where are your rulers, of whom you said,
‘Give us a king and leaders’?
11In my anger, I gave you kings,
and in my wrath, I have taken them away. # 13:11 In the greater context of Hosea and his unhappy marriage, the Hebrew verbs translated “gave” and “taken” are frequently used to describe a women “given” in marriage and a man having “taken” a wife.
12“Ephraim’s sin is recorded;
his guilt is on record and kept in store.
13“You are like a senseless baby
at the point of childbirth;
labor pains have begun, and his time is due,
but he refuses to leave the womb. # 13:13 The metaphor of childbirth demonstrates that Ephraim had experienced catastrophes (labor pains) that were designed by God to produce a change of heart (the birthing of new life). But since Ephraim refused to learn from his disasters (leave the womb) and refused to repent (be born anew), he was doomed.
14Shall I save my people from the clutches of Sheol? # 13:14 The Hebrew concept of Sheol is the dark underworld, the world of the dead, and at times a reference to the grave.
Shall I ransom them from Death’s firm grip?
Hey, Death! Tell me, where is your punishment?
Hey, Grave! # 13:14 “Grave” is the Hebrew word Sheol . Tell me, where is your sting?
Revenge will be hidden from my eyes.”
Final Warning
15Though Ephraim bears more fruit # 13:15 This is an obvious play on the word Ephraim , which means “doubly fruitful.” See
Gen. 41:52
. than his brothers,
Yahweh’s breath will blow from the desert.
The scorching wind will come from the east; # 13:15 The wind of the east is a reference to Assyria, the nation that God would bring against his people in judgment.
it will dry up his springs,
and his wells will run dry.
The wind will come to plunder his treasury,
robbing it of every precious thing.
16Samaria will be punished
because she has rebelled against her God.
Her people will fall by the sword;
even her little ones will be dashed to pieces
and her pregnant women split open. # 13:16 Although this verse is noted as
14:1
in the Hebrew Bible, most modern English versions follow the Septuagint in numbering it as
13:16
. The subject matter of this verse fits better with ch.
13
.
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Hosea 13: TPT
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