Micah 4
4
Future Glory of Zion
1In the future, # 4:1 Or “At the end of days.” This phrase, often used by the prophets of the Old Testament, refers to our current time in human history between Pentecost and the return of Christ to the earth. See Heb. 1:2; 1 John 2:18. Micah 4:1–3 is nearly identical to Isa. 2:2–4. the mountain of Yahweh’s temple
will be raised up as the head of the mountains, # 4:1 The mountain of Yahweh’s temple can be understood in several ways. Some view it as Jerusalem, others as a mountain in the heavenly realm; still others view this mountain as a metaphor for the people of God, his dwelling place (see Eph. 2:11–22). God’s grace will fully establish his people as the mountain rising above every other mountain. Mountains in the Bible are often used metaphorically for kingdoms. Kingdoms and governments are like mountains and hills on the landscape of history. The mountain-kingdom of God will be the chief of all mountains, the highest of all hills. The secular world sees Christ’s kingdom as irrelevant and powerless. But one day, the kingdoms of the earth will be leveled, and the King’s mountain will be high and exalted. See Isa. 25:6–8.
towering over all the hills.
A sparkling stream of every nation will flow into it. # 4:1 Or “All the nations will flow as a river to it.” The Hebrew word nahar can be translated “stream [river],” “to sparkle,” or “to be cheerful.” In Isa. 60:5, it is translated “radiant.” A cheerful, sparkling stream of people will come into divine radiance as they come up the mountain of the Lord. This speaks of the uphill flow of the river of God—a supernatural magnetism bringing the nations into the kingdom of Christ. This is the reversal of the dispersion of the people at Babel (see Gen. 11:1–9).
2Many peoples will come and say,
“Everyone, come! Let’s go up higher to Yahweh’s mountain,
to the house of Jacob’s God; then he can teach us his ways,
and we can walk in his paths.”
Zion # 4:2 Zion today is more than a location; it is a realm where God is enthroned (see Pss. 2:4–6; 87:5). Zion is a synonym for the people of God, the dwelling place of his Spirit (see Pss. 9:11; 74:2; 76:2; Heb. 12:22–24). The perfection of beauty is in Mount Zion, where the light of God shines (see Ps. 50:2). Perfected praise rises to the Lord in this place of perfect rest (see Ps. 65:1–2). The Mountain of Zion is where the Lord is known in his greatness (see Ps. 99:2; Isa. 12:4–6). It is the hope of all the afflicted (see Ps. 102:16–22; Isa. 14:32; 51:11). will be the center of instruction, # 4:2 Although the Hebrew word torah is used here, it means more than “the law.” This word also can be translated “instruction” or “teaching.” This is not the law of Moses, for that came from Sinai. This is revelation of the gospel and the instruction of God out of the Zion realm that overcomes every work of darkness within us and around us. From Jerusalem the gospel light and the twelve mighty apostles went forth to change the world.
and the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem.
3He will judge fairly between strong, distant nations
and settle disputes among many peoples.
The swords they used against each other
they will beat into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. # 4:3 Or “sickles” (LXX). Weapons that the people turned on one another will now be used for the harvest. See Isa. 2:1–5.
No nation will take up weapons against another,
nor will they prepare for war anymore.
4But everyone will relax
under their own fig trees and vineyards
with no one to trouble them.
For Yahweh, Commander of Angel Armies, has decreed it.
5Though all the nations walk in the name of their own gods,
we will walk in the name of Yahweh, our God, forever and ever.
The Scattered Flock Returns to Zion
6I, Yahweh, declare:
“In that day of hope I will gather the lame
and bring together the wandering outcasts
and those whom I have bruised.
7I will make a new beginning
with those who are crippled and far from home.
My remnant will be transformed into a mighty nation.
And I, Yahweh, will reign over them on Mount Zion # 4:7 See the first footnote for v. 2.
from now and throughout eternity.
8“And to you, Tower of the Flock,
where the daughter of Zion is lifted up, # 4:8 Or “the hill of Daughter Zion.” Hill is taken from the triliteral Hebrew root ʿpl, which means “to lift up” or “to swell.” One of the possible meanings is “stronghold [fortress, mound].” Traditionally, this is seen as a metaphor for Jerusalem as the place where God, like a shepherd from his lookout tower, watches over his people. However, “Tower of the Flock” (Hb. Migdal ʿEder) is a historical location on the road between Jerusalem and Bethlehem and only yards away from the border of Bethlehem. This was the place where Rachel was buried after giving birth to Benjamin and where Jacob pitched his tent to mourn her passing. Migdal Eder was known to have a two-story stone watchtower where Levitical shepherds would stand watching over the flock to make certain that the wild animals did not harm the sheep. These were the flocks raised to be sacrificed in the temple just four miles away. Migdal Eder was like a holding pen for these special Passover lambs. It is possible that the shepherds, on the night Jesus was born, were near Migdal Eder. This would fulfill both the prophecies of Mic. 5:2 and 4:8. The birthing of the Passover lambs would take place at the lower floor of the watchtower (Migdal Eder). Selected ewes that were about to give birth would be brought there. After the birth of the lambs, the priestly shepherds would wrap the lambs in cloth and lay them in the manger lined with soft hay, for Passover lambs must be unblemished with no bruises or broken bones. The miracle sign for these priestly shepherds would be a baby boy lying where the Passover lamb should be—in the manger (not a manger, but the manger where sacred lambs would be placed). Based on the prophecy of Mic. 4:8, the Jewish Midrash concluded that the arrival of the Messiah would be declared first at Migdal Eder. Jesus was not born in a cave or in a stable but in the lower floor of Migdal Eder and placed where a sacrificial lamb belonged. See Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, Book 2, chapter 6; Luke 2:1–20.
your royal dominion # 4:8 Or “your first rule [dynasty] will come.” Traditionally this was understood as the return of David’s kingly rulership to Israel; however, seen from the vantage point after Christ’s time on earth, the hints of the coming Messiah to take “dominion” as the first and foremost King are clear. will arrive.
His kingship will come to you, Daughter Jerusalem.”
The Siege and Exile of Jerusalem
9Why are you wailing?
Why are you writhing like a woman in labor?
Have you no king to help you?
And your wise leader, # 4:9 Or “counselor.” These two rhetorical questions can be interpreted in two ways: first, in referring to God as their King and Counselor who is always there to help them and, second, in referring to Hezekiah and his prophetic adviser, who could not be counted on to save them. has he perished?
10Groan and writhe in anguish,
like a woman in hard labor, daughter of Zion,
for now, you must leave the city
and live out in the open field.
Off to Babylon you must go!
Yet, one day you will be rescued from there,
for Yahweh will deliver you
from the clutches of your enemies.
Jerusalem under Siege
11Many nations have now gathered to attack you.
They say, “Let’s destroy Jerusalem
so that we can gloat over capturing Zion.” # 4:11 Or “Let her be profaned [violated] and let our eyes gaze upon Zion.” This seems to imply overtones of a violent man about to rape a girl, which is in keeping with the larger context, for Jerusalem is referred to as the “daughter of Zion” (vv. 8, 10, 13).
12But they do not know Yahweh’s plans,
and they do not understand his strategy:
he has brought them together to punish them,
like grain is brought to be beaten on the threshing floor
to separate the good from the worthless.
Yahweh’s Promise
13“Arise, start your threshing, daughter of Zion,
for I will make you strong as a bull
with iron horns and bronze hooves
so that you can crush many peoples.
And you must devote to Yahweh what they have stolen
and bring their wealth to me, the Lord of the whole earth.”
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Micah 4: TPT
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