Obadiah 1
1
Judgment Pronounced on Edom
1This is the vision that Lord Yahweh revealed
to Obadiah concerning Edom.
We have heard a report # 1 Or “message” or “directive.” from Yahweh:
“I have sent a messenger throughout the nations, saying,
‘Rise up! Let us march against this people.
Prepare for war!’
2“Behold, I have reduced you to the least among the nations.
You are now utterly despised.
3Your proud heart has deceived you;
you who are perched in the hidden places of the rock, # 3 Pride has the power to deceive and to destroy. The antidote to pride is hiding ourselves in the Rock, Jesus Christ, making his righteousness our own.
whose home is in the heights. # 3 That is, Edom’s capital, Ha-Sela, which some believe is now Petra in Jordan. The Edomites were driven out of Petra by the Nabateans around 400 BC. The Edomites eventually settled south of Judea and were known by the Romans as Idumeans. Sela (selaʿ is Hebrew for “rock”) and Petra (a later Nabatean city; petra is Greek for “rock”) are often confused with each other. The entire landscape of Edom is, indeed, rocky and elevated.
You think to yourself,
‘Who can ever topple me to the ground?’
4Though you soar like an eagle,
and your nest is nestled among the stars,
I am more than able to bring you down from there.
I, Yahweh, have spoken.” # 4 See the similarities between vv. 1–4 and Jer. 49:14–16.
Edom Annihilated
5“When thieves come at night to rob your home,
wouldn’t they only steal the things they wanted?
When people gather grapes,
wouldn’t they miss a few and leave some gleanings behind?
But you, Edom—your enemies will totally destroy you! # 5 Or “how [totally] you will be destroyed!”
6How Esau’s # 6 Esau is used here as a synecdoche for the Edomites, of whom Esau was the progenitor. See Gen. 36:1, 8, 19. descendants will be looted,
their hidden treasures sought out and ransacked! # 6 Compare vv. 5–6 with Jer. 49:9–10. It is possible that Jeremiah quoted Obadiah. However, some scholars believe Obadiah was quoting Jeremiah.
7Your allies will deceive you.
They will overpower you and chase you off your homeland.
Your ‘trusted friends’ # 7 Or “men of your peace your bread [those you sat and ate with].” There is the sense of “those from your close friendship circle,” denoted by the Hebrew phrase ʾaneshe shelomeka lechem. This reading is legitimated by the term shalom within that phrase, which covers a broad semantic field, denoting the primary senses of “peace,” “wholeness,” “[sound] health,” “prosperity,” and “friendship.” will lay a trap for you, # 7 See Ps. 41:9.
and you’ll have no clue it’s coming. # 7 Or “he has no understanding.”
8In that day, will I not destroy all the wise men of Edom
and erase all their pseudo-intelligence from the mountains of Esau?
I, Yahweh, have spoken.
9Teman, # 9 Teman was a major city of northern Edom and is here used to designate the entire country. all your brave warriors will be shattered
so that everyone will be destroyed from Esau’s mountain.” # 9 That is, the kingdom of Edom.
Edom’s Guilt
10“Shame will cover you
and you will be annihilated
because you violently slaughtered # 10 This is the Hebrew word chamas (or hamas in an alternate transliteration style).
your relatives, the Israelites. # 10 Or “your brother Jacob.” Jacob is a synecdoche for the land of Judah. The Edomites violently mistreated their distant relatives and became Israel’s perpetual enemies. See Gen. 25:22–28; 27:27–29; 32:4–33:16; Num. 20:14–21; Deut. 23:7–8; Ps. 137:7; Lam. 4:21–22; Ezek. 25:12–14; 35:5–12; 36:2, 5.
11You deserted Israel at her time of need.
On that day of infamy, you stood aloof and did nothing
as foreigners broke through the city gates of Jerusalem # 11 Verses 11–14 may also be seen as predictive prophecy of the events surrounding the destruction of the Second Temple and sacking of Jerusalem in AD 70 by the Romans. The Edomites were called the Idumeans by then. At that time, much as with these events that Obadiah narrated (the destruction of the First Temple and sacking of Jerusalem in 586 BC by the Babylonians), the Edomites failed to help their brothers.
and divided the city among themselves by casting lots.
Strangers carried off all her treasures,
and you were as one with the invaders.
12Do not gloat over your relatives
on the day of their misfortune.
Do not rejoice over the people of Judah
on the day of their ruin. # 12 All the verbs of v. 12 are imperatives. Literally “Gloat not . . . rejoice not . . . boast not.” See Mic. 4:11.
Do not boast # 12 Or “make your mouth big,” which could mean derisive laughter.
that they suffered such anguish.
13You should not have entered my people’s city
on their day of calamity. # 13 There is a wordplay in the Hebrew that is lost in translation, as the word for “calamity” resembles the name Edom. See Ezek. 35:5.
You should not have feasted your eyes on their suffering
on their day of misery.
You should not have seized their wealth
on their day of sorrow.
14You should not have waited at the crossroads
to cut off # 14 Or “kill.” those who tried to escape.
Why did you hand over their survivors
on the day of their distress?”
God Will Judge the Nations
15“The day of Yahweh is drawing near
for all the nations.
As you have done to others, so will it be done to you:
you will be paid back for all that your deeds deserve. # 15 This is lex talionis, Latin for “the law of retribution.” This approach to justice is found in numerous verses of the Old Testament. See Ex. 21:23–26; Deut. 19:21; Jer. 50:15, 29; Lam. 3:64; Joel 3:4, 7.
16“Just as you have drunk and caroused
on my sacred hill, # 16 That is, Mount Zion (Jerusalem). See Ezek. 35:12.
so all the surrounding nations
will drink continually from my bitter cup of judgment. # 16 The metaphor of a cup of wine is frequently used for God’s punishment (see Ps. 75:8; Jer. 25:15–29; 49:12; Hab. 2:16). The New Testament uses the metaphor of a cup pointing both to Christ’s suffering (see Mark 14:36; John 18:11) and God’s anger (see Rev. 14:10; 16:19).
They will drink and drink and gulp it down,
but they will stagger and be destroyed.”
Israel Will Defeat Her Enemies
17“But on Mount Zion a remnant will escape,
for that place will be a reconsecrated sanctuary.
And Jacob’s tribes will possess
what is rightfully theirs by inheritance. # 17 Or “Jacob will dispossess those that dispossessed them.”
18Then the people of Judah # 18 Or “house of Jacob.” will be a fire,
the people of Israel # 18 Or “house of Joseph.” a flame,
and the people of Esau # 18 Or “house of Esau”—that is, the Edomites. like stubble.
They will set them on fire and consume them,
and there will be no survivors from Esau’s descendants. # 18 Esau’s descendants, the Edomites, became known as the Idumeans, who eventually disappeared from history. The Herods of the New Testament were Idumeans. But after the wars between Rome and the Jews, the Idumeans were never heard from again.
I, Yahweh, have spoken.”
The New Israel
19People from southern Judah will capture Edom; # 19 Or “the mountains of Esau.”
those from the western foothills will occupy Philistia;
Israelites will take back the territory of Ephraim and Samaria;
and the people of Benjamin will possess Gilead.
20The company of exiles from among the people of Israel
will possess the land of the Canaanites as far as Zarephath # 20 The town of Zarephath was where the prophet Elijah lived for a while (see 1 Kings 17:9–10; Luke 4:26). Zarephath was in modern-day Lebanon.
while the exiles from Jerusalem now in Sardis # 20 Or “Sepharad.” Sepharad means “separated.” The exact location of Sepharad is uncertain, and a number of possible locations have been suggested, including Spain, Media, and Libya. Modern scholarly opinion tends to agree that Sepharad is another name for the town of Sardis, the capital city of Lydia in Asia Minor. Archaeologists found in Sardis an inscription dated from the 400s BC that noted a significant Jewish community there at that time.
will occupy the cities of southern Judah.
21Victorious deliverers # 21 Or “saviors,” “avengers,” or “liberators.” will go out from Mount Zion # 21 Or “up to Mount Zion.”
to rule # 21 Or “to judge.” over the land of Edom, # 21 Or “the hill country of Esau.”
and the kingdom will be Yahweh’s. # 21 Or “Yahweh himself will be king.”
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Obadiah 1: TPT
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