Leviticus 7
7
The Guilt Offering
1 āāThis is the law of the guilt offering. It is most holy. 2 In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering they must slaughter the guilt offering, and the officiating priest#tn Heb āheā; the referent (the officiating priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity. This priest was responsible for any actions involving direct contact with the altar (e.g., the splashing of the blood). must splash#tn See the note on Lev 1:5. the blood against the altarās sides. 3 Then the one making the offering#tn Heb āthen he.ā This pronoun refers to the offerer, who was responsible for slaughtering the animal. Contrast v. 2 above and v. 5 below. must present all its fat: the fatty tail, the fat covering the entrails, 4 the two kidneys and the fat on their sinews, and the protruding lobe on the liver (which he must remove along with the kidneys).#tn See the notes on Lev 3:3-4. 5 Then the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar#tn See the note on Lev 1:9 above. as a gift to the Lord. It is a guilt offering. 6 Any male among the priests may eat it. It must be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy.#tn Heb āholiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it isā; NAB āmost sacredā; TEV āvery holy.ā 7 The law is the same for the sin offering and the guilt offering;#tn Heb ālike the sin offering like the guilt offering, one law to them.ā it belongs to the priest who makes atonement with it.
Priestly Portions of Burnt and Grain Offerings
8 āāAs for the priest who presents someoneās burnt offering, the hide of that burnt offering which he presented belongs to him. 9 Every grain offering which is baked in the oven or#tn Heb āandā rather than āorā (cf. also the next āorā). made in the pan#tn Heb āand all made in the panā; cf. KJV āfryingpanā; NAB ādeep-fried in a pot.ā or on the griddle belongs to the priest who presented it. 10 Every grain offering, whether mixed with olive oil or dry, belongs to all the sons of Aaron, each one alike.#tn Heb āa man like his brother.ā
The Peace Offering
11 āāThis is the law of the peace offering sacrifice which he#tn This āheā pronoun refers to the offerer. Smr and LXX have plural āthey.ā is to present to the Lord. 12 If he presents it on account of thanksgiving,#tn Or āfor a thank offering.ā along with the thank offering sacrifice he must present unleavened loaves mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers smeared with olive oil,#tn See the notes on Lev 2:4. and well soaked#tn See the note on Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT]. ring-shaped loaves made of choice wheat flour#tn Heb āchoice wheat flour well soaked ring-shaped loaves.ā See the note on Lev 2:1. mixed with olive oil. 13 He must present this grain offering#tn The rendering āthis [grain] offeringā is more literally āhis offering,ā but it refers to the series of grain offerings listed just previously in v. 12. in addition to ring-shaped loaves of leavened bread which regularly accompany#tn The words āwhich regularly accompanyā are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied for clarity.sn The translation ā[which regularly accompany]ā¦ā is based on the practice of bringing bread (and wine) to eat with the portions of the peace offering meat eaten by the priests and worshipers (see v. 14 and Num 15:1-13). This was in addition to the memorial portion of the unleavened bread that was offered to the Lord on the altar (cf. Lev 2:2, 9, and the note on 7:12). the sacrifice of his thanksgiving peace offering. 14 He must present one of each kind of grain offering#tn Here the Hebrew text reads āofferingā (קÖø×ØÖ°×Ö¼Öø×, qorbban), not āgrain offeringā (×Ö“× Ö°×Öø×, minkhah), but in this context the term refers once again to the list in 7:12. as a contribution offering#tn The term rendered ācontribution offeringā is ×ŖÖ¼Ö°×Ø×Ö¼×Öø× (tĆærumah), which generally refers to that which is set aside from the offerings to the Lord as prebends for the officiating priests (cf. esp. Lev 7:28-34 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-37). Cf. TEV āas a special contribution.ā to the Lord; it belongs to the priest who splashes the blood of the peace offering. 15 The meat of his#tn In the verse āhisā refers to the offerer. thanksgiving peace offering must be eaten on the day of his offering; he must not set any of it aside until morning.
16 āāIf his offering is a votive or freewill sacrifice,#tn For the distinction between votive and freewill offerings see the note on Lev 22:23 and the literature cited there. it may be eaten on the day he presents his sacrifice, and also the leftovers from it may be eaten on the next day,#tn Heb āand on the next day and the left over from it shall be eaten.ā 17 but the leftovers from the meat of the sacrifice must be burned up in the fire#tn Heb āburned with fire,ā an expression which is sometimes redundant in English, but here means āburned up,ā āburned up entirelyā (likewise in v. 19). on the third day. 18 If some of the meat of his peace offering sacrifice is ever eaten on the third day it will not be accepted; it will not be accounted to the one who presented it, since it is spoiled,#tn Or ādesecrated,ā or ādefiled,ā or āforbidden.ā For this difficult term see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:422. Cf. NIV āit is impureā; NCV āit will become uncleanā; NLT āwill be contaminated.ā and the person who eats from it will bear his punishment for iniquity.#tn Heb āhis iniquity he shall bearā (cf. Lev 5:1); NIV āwill be held responsibleā; NRSV āshall incur guiltā; TEV āwill suffer the consequences.ā 19 The meat which touches anything ceremonially#tn The word āceremoniallyā has been supplied in the translation both here and in the following sentence to clarify that the uncleanness involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature. unclean must not be eaten; it must be burned up in the fire. As for ceremonially clean meat,#tn The Hebrew has simply āthe flesh,ā but this certainly refers to ācleanā flesh in contrast to the unclean flesh in the first half of the verse. everyone who is ceremonially clean may eat the meat. 20 The person who eats meat from the peace offering sacrifice which belongs to the Lord while his uncleanness persists#tn Heb āand his unclean condition is on him.ā will be cut off from his people.#sn The exact meaning of this penalty clause is not certain. It could mean that he will be executed, whether by God or by man, he will be excommunicated from sanctuary worship and/or community benefits (cf. TEV, CEV), or his line will be terminated by God (i.e., extirpation), etc. See J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 100; J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:457-60; and B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 241-42 for further discussion. 21 When a person touches anything unclean (whether human uncleanness, or an unclean animal, or an unclean detestable creature)#sn For these categories of unclean animals see Lev 11. and eats some of the meat of the peace offering sacrifice which belongs to the Lord, that person will be cut off from his people.āā#sn For the interpretation of this last clause see the note on Lev 7:20.
Sacrificial Instructions for the Common People: Fat and Blood
22 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:#sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT] above. 23 āTell the Israelites, āYou must not eat any fat of an ox, sheep, or goat. 24 Moreover, the fat of an animal that has died of natural causes#tn Heb ācarcass,ā referring to the carcass of an animal that has died on its own, not the carcass of an animal slaughtered for sacrifice or killed by wild beasts. This has been clarified in the translation by supplying the phrase āof natural causesā; cf. NAB, TEV āthat has died a natural death.ā and the fat of an animal torn by beasts may be used for any other purpose,#tn Heb āshall be used for any workā; cf. NIV, NLT āmay be used for any other purpose.ā but you must certainly never eat it. 25 If anyone eats fat from the animal from which he presents a gift to the Lord, that person will be cut off from his people.#sn See the note on Lev 7:20. 26 And you must not eat any blood of the birds or the domesticated land animals in any of the places where you live.#tn Heb āand any blood you must not eat in any of your dwelling places, to the bird and to the animal.ā 27 Any person who eats any blood ā that person will be cut off from his people.āā#sn See the note on Lev 7:20.
Priestly Portions of Peace Offerings
28 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:#sn See the note on Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT]. 29 āTell the Israelites, āThe one who presents his peace offering sacrifice to the Lord must bring his offering to the Lord from his peace offering sacrifice. 30 With his own hands he must bring the Lordās gifts. He must bring the fat with the breast#tn Heb āon the breast.ā to wave the breast as a wave offering before the Lord,#tc Many Hebrew mss and some versions (esp. the LXX) limit the offerings in the last part of this verse to the fat portions, specifically, the fat and the fat lobe of the liver (see the BHS footnote). The verse is somewhat awkward in Hebrew but nevertheless correct.tn Heb āthe breast to wave it, a wave offering before the Lord.ā Other possible translations are āto elevate the breast [as] an elevation offering before the Lordā (cf. NRSV) or āto present the breast [as] a presentation offering before the Lord.ā See J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 91, J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:430-31, 461-72, and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 3:63-67. 31 and the priest must offer the fat up in smoke on the altar, but the breast will belong to Aaron and his sons. 32 The right thigh you must give as a contribution offering#tn Older English versions (e.g., KJV, ASV) translate this Hebrew term (×ŖÖ¼Ö°×Ø×Ö¼×Öø×, tĆærumah) āheave offering,ā derived from the idea of āto raise, to liftā found in the verbal root (cf. NAB āa raised offeringā). āContribution offeringā is a better English rendering because it refers to something ātaken out fromā (i.e., ālifted up fromā; cf. the Hebrew term ×Öµ×ØÖ“×× (herim) in, e.g., Lev 2:9; 4:8, etc.) the offering as a special contribution to the specific priest who presided over the offering procedures in any particular instance (see the next verse and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-37). Cf. TEV āas a special contributionā; NCV, NLT āas a gift.ā to the priest from your peace offering sacrifices. 33 The one from Aaronās sons who presents the blood of the peace offering and fat will have the right thigh as his share, 34 for the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution offering I have taken from the Israelites out of their peace offering sacrifices and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons from the people of Israel as a perpetual allotted portion.āā#tn Or āa perpetual regulationā; cf. NASB āas their due foreverā; NRSV āas a perpetual dueā; NLT ātheir regular share.ā
35 This is the allotment of Aaron and the allotment of his sons from the Lordās gifts on the day Moses#tn Heb āthe day heā; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity. presented them to serve as priests#tn Heb āin the day of he presented them to serve as priests to the Lord.ā The grammar here is relatively unusual. First, the verb āpresentedā appears to be in the perfect rather than the infinitive (but see GKC 531), the latter being normal in such temporal expressions. Second, the active verb form appears to be used as a passive plural (āthey were presentedā). However, if it is translated active and singular then Moses would be the subject: āon the day he [Moses] offered them [Aaron and his sons].ā to the Lord. 36 This is what the Lord commanded to give to them from the Israelites on the day Moses#tn Heb āthe day heā; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity. anointed them#tn Heb āwhich the Lord commanded to give to them in the day he anointed them from the children of Israel.ā Thus v. 36 is tied syntactically to v. 35 (see the note there). ā a perpetual allotted portion throughout their generations.#tn Heb āfor your generationsā; cf. NIV āfor the generations to comeā; TEV āfor all time to come.ā
Summary of Sacrificial Regulations in Leviticus 6:8-7:36
37 This is the law#sn The Hebrew term translated ālawā (×Ŗ×Ö¹×ØÖø× [torah]) occurs up to this point in the book only in Lev 6:9 [6:2 HT], 14 [7 HT], 25 [18 HT], 7:1, 7, 11, and here in 7:37. This suggests that Lev 7:37-38 is a summary of only this section of the book (i.e., Lev 6:8 [6:1 HT]-7:36), not all of Lev 1-7. for the burnt offering, the grain offering,#tc In the MT only āthe grain offeringā lacks a connecting × (vav). However, many Hebrew , Smr, LXX, Syriac, and some mss of Tg. Onq. have the × (vav) on āthe grain offeringā as well. the sin offering, the guilt offering, the ordination offering,#sn The inclusion of the āordination offeringā (×Ö“×Ö¼×Ö¼×Ö“××, miluāim; the term apparently comes from the notion of āfilling [of the hand],ā cf. Lev 8:33) here anticipates Lev 8. It is a kind of peace offering, as the regulations in Lev 8:22-32 will show (cf. Exod 29:19-34). In the context of the ordination ritual for the priests it fits into the sequence of offerings as a peace offering would: sin offering (Lev 8:14-17), burnt and grain offering (Lev 8:18-21), and finally peace (i.e., ordination) offering (Lev 8:22-32). Moreover, in this case, Moses received the breast of the ordination offering as his due since he was the presiding priest over the sacrificial procedures (Lev 8:29; cf. Lev 7:30-31), while Aaron and his sons ate the portions that would have been consumed by the common worshipers in a regular peace offering procedure (Exod 29:31-34; cf. Lev 7:15-18). For a general introduction to the peace offering see the note on Lev 3:1. and the peace offering sacrifice, 38 which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai on the day he commanded the Israelites to present their offerings to the Lord in the wilderness of Sinai.
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